What is the maximum data storage unit typically allocated to a file smaller than the cluster size?

The maximum data storage unit typically allocated to a file smaller than the cluster size is known as slack space. When a file is saved on a file system, it is stored in clusters, which are the smallest amount of disk space that can be allocated to hold a file. If the file is smaller than the cluster size, the remaining space within that cluster remains unused, resulting in slack space. This slack space can contain remnants of previous files that were stored in that cluster, making it potentially significant in forensic investigations, as it may hold recoverable data that has not been completely overwritten.

In contrast, fragmented space refers to the situation where files are stored non-contiguously across different locations on the disk, which does not directly pertain to the space left over when a file is smaller than the cluster size. Allocated space is the total space assigned to files, including both the used and unused portions within clusters, while free space refers to the area on the disk that is not currently allocated to any files or applications. Understanding slack space is crucial for digital forensics, as it can provide insights into previously stored data.