What type of attack did Jack perform against his organization's database server?

In this scenario, an internal attack refers to a situation where an attacker exploits access or resources from within the organization. This type of attack is usually perpetrated by individuals who have legitimate access to the systems or data, such as employees or contractors. By being part of the organization, they can sometimes avoid detection by standard security measures typically set in place to prevent external threats.

An internal attack can be particularly damaging because the attacker has inside knowledge of the system's architecture, security measures, and potentially even sensitive data. This often allows them to bypass security controls effectively and execute harmful activities without raising immediate alarms.

Privilege escalation attacks and SQL-injection attacks are specific methods of exploiting systems but do not fundamentally differentiate between an internal or external perspective. An external attack implies that the attacker is coming from outside the organization, which changes the context of the threat significantly. Understanding the nature of how the attack was conducted is crucial in classifying it properly within the realm of digital forensics and security analysis.