Which tool can recover deleted email messages depending on how soon the recovery is attempted?

Paraben's E3 is specifically designed for digital forensics and can effectively recover deleted email messages from various email clients and servers. This tool operates by scanning the underlying data storage for remnants of deleted files, making it adept at retrieving emails that may have been recently deleted. The ability to recover messages heavily relies on the timing of the recovery attempt because, when taken immediately after deletion, there's a higher chance that the data has not been overwritten.

The other tools mentioned serve different functions; for example, Foremost is primarily used for file carving and recovering specific file types based on headers, and while Recuva is tailored for general file recovery, it may not be as effective with structured data like emails as E3. EnCase is a comprehensive forensic tool often used for evidence gathering across various devices but may not focus specifically on email recovery as Paraben's E3 does.